Canada Short History
ca 30000 to 10000 BC
Asian tribes come over the land bridge of todays Bering Strait to North America. Those tribes later become the Indians we know. Later other nomadic groups follow - the ancestors of todays Inuit
ca 8000 BC
The immigrated tribes have already reached the south borders of Canada.
ca 3000 BC
The Inuit settle in the Polar Regions
ca 1000 AD
Greenland -Vikings (Leif Eriksson) land in Newfoundland. They found a short-lived colony near LAnse aux Meadows.
1497/98
John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto: Genoan sailor in English duty) explores the Newfoundland- and New Scotland-coasts. His report on the rich fishing grounds mark the begin of Grand Bank-fishing
1534-41
The French sailor Jacques Cartier claims on three voyages Canada for the French crown
1605
Pierre de Gua and Samuel de Champlain found Port Royal in New Scotland (later: Annapolis - capital of New Scotland). Arcadians settle around the Bay of Fundy.
1608
Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec. 1609 he wins a battle against Irokeses. This is the begin of the nearly 100 years lasting Irokese-Wars.
1610
John Guy brings the first British settlers to Newfoundland. Frenchmen found Plaisance at the south coast of Terre-Neuve. Henry Hudson discovers the Hudson Bay.
1625
Jesuits start their missionary work on the Indians in Quebec.
1642
Paul de Maisonneuve founds Montreal.
1663
Luis XIV claims New France as a province for the French crown
1670
The Hudson Bay Company is founded. This is the beginning of the petite guerre among the French and the British.
1674
Canada officially becomes a French province
17 th Century
Frenchmen found many settlements along the St. Laurent stream and southeastern of his mouth (Arcadia). Fur-trade grants Quebec prosperity
1701
The Montreal peace treaty brings an end to the Irokese-Wars
18 th Century
The Borders between British and French territories are permanently shifting, especially at the Atlantic coast
1713
In the Utrecht peace treaty France resigns on the possession of Arcadia and Newfoundland, and on the Hudson Bay trade-monopoly.
1730-1740
French Rangers reach the Rocky Mountains
1749
2500 British settlers land in New Scotland. Halifax is founded
1755
Arcadians are deported. Fights between French and British along the border
09/13/1759
British conquer the city of Quebec
1760
Montreal surrenders. New France becomes British. France only keeps St. Pierre-et-Miquelon
1774
The Quebec-Act ensures the French settlers the right on their own religion, language and laws.
1775/76
Americans conquer Montreal, but are defeated in Quebec
1776
Scottish traders challenge the mighty Hudson Bay Company by founding the North-West Company